Asthma
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

REFERENCES

REFERENCES

Asthma

  1. Global Initiative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention, 2019. Accessed 22 July 2020. Available from: www.ginAsthma.org
  2. Global Asthma Network. The Global Asthma Report 2018. Accessed 22 July 2020. Available from www.globalAsthmanetwork.org
  3. Asthma. National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NIH). Updated 21 May 2020. Accessed 22 July 2020. Available from https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/Asthma
  4. Pocket guide for Asthma management and prevention (for adults and children 5 years and older). Global Initiative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention, 2015. Accessed 12 January 2016. Available from: www.ginAsthma.org
  5. Take control of your Asthma. Asthma Society of Ireland. Accessed 22 July 2020. Available from https://www.Asthma.ie
  6. What is Asthma? Allergy Foundation of South Africa. Accessed 22 July 2020. Available from www.allergyfoundation.co.za
  7. Asthma Triggers and Management. American Academy of Allergy Asthma & Immunology. Accessed 29 April 2020. Available from https://www.aaaai.org
  8. Sawicki G, Haver K. Asthma Overview. Up-to-Date [Online]. Accessed 17 March 2020. Available from https://www.uptodate.com
  9. Juniper EF. Assessing health-related quality of life in Asthma. Can Respir J 1997;4(3):145-151.
  10. GINA 2024 Summary Guide for Asthma Management and Prevention For Adults, Adolescents and Children 6-11 years. Published 2024. Available from www.ginasthma.org
  11. Guidelines for Use of Nebuliser Systems in the Home Environment. Irish Thoracic Society. Accessed 02 September 2020. Available from https://irishthoracicsociety.com
  12. Getting emergency treatment through a nebuliser. Asthma UK. Accessed 29 July 2020. Available from https://www.Asthma.org.uk
  13. Breathing Exercises and Techniques for Asthma. Global Allergy & Airways Patient Platform. Accessed 29 July 2020. Available from https://gaapp.org
  14. Ding B, Small M. Disease Burden of Mild Asthma: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Real-World Survey. Adv Ther. 2017;34:1109–1127.
  15. Papaioannou AI, Kostikas K, Zervas E, et al. Control of Asthma in real life: still a valuable goal? Eur Respir Rev 2015;24:361–369.
  16. Schatz M, Sorkness CA, Li JT, et al. Asthma Control Test: Reliability, validity, and responsiveness in patients not previously followed by Asthma specialists. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006;117:549-56.
  17. Liu AH, Zeiger R, Sorkness C, et al. Development and cross-sectional validation of the Childhood Asthma Control Test. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007;119:817-25.
  18. Pijnenberg MW, Frey U, et al. Childhood asthma: pathogenesis and phenotypes. Eur Respir J 2022; 59:2100731.
  19. Lizzo JM, Goldin J, Cortes S. Pediatric Asthma. NCBI StatPearls [Online] 4 May 2024. Available from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551631/?report=printable. Accessed 2025/04/04.
  20. Zhang D, Zheng J. The Burden of Childhood Asthma by Age Group, 1990–2019: A Systematic Analysis of Global Burden of Disease 2019 Data. Front. Pediatr. 2022;10:823399.
  21. Global Initiative for Asthma. GINA Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention (2024 Update). Updated May 2024. Available from www.ginasthma.org
  22. Jenkins CR. Mild asthma: Conundrums, complexities and the need to customize care. Respirology. 2024;29:94–104.
  23. O’Byrne PM, et al. The management of mild asthma. Eur Respir J 2021; 57: 2003051.
  24. Solidoro P, Nicola S, et al. Biologics in Severe Eosinophilic Asthma: Three-Year Follow-Up in a SANI Single Center. Biomedicines 2022;10:200.
  25. What is an eosinophil-associated disease? American Partnership for Eosinophilic Disorders. Available from https://apfed.org/about-ead. Accessed 2024/07/10.
  26. Eosinophilic Asthma. American Partnership for Eosinophilic Disorders. Available from https://apfed.org/about-ead/eosinophilic-asthma/ Accessed 2024/07/10.
  27. Pembrey L, Brooks C, et al. Asthma inflammatory phenotypes on four continents: most asthma is non-eosinophilic. International Journal of Epidemiology, 2023;52(2):611–623.
  28. Patel SS, Casale TB, Cardet JC. Biological therapies for eosinophilic asthma. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2018;18(7):747–754.
  29. Oppenheimer J, Hoyte FCL, et al. Allergic and eosinophilic asthma in the era of biomarkers and biologics: similarities, differences and misconceptions. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2022;129:169−180
  30. Guyton S, Jackson T. Asthma Control and Medication Reliance Among Asthmatics in a General Practice Setting – A Questionnaire Based Study. Cureus 14(5): e25465.
  31. Moon Z, Kaplan A, et al. The Reliever Reliance Test: evaluating a new tool to address SABA over-reliance. Primary Care Respiratory Medicine 2024;34:36.

COPD

  1. Au-Doung PLW, Wong CKM, et al. PUMA screening tool to detect COPD in high-risk patients in Chinese primary care–A validation study. PLoS ONE 2022;17(9):e0274106.
  2. Lozano-Forero A, Tuta-Quintero E, et al. CAD-Q (COPD-Asthma Differentiation Questionnaire): Performance of a new diagnostic score to differentiate between COPD and asthma in adults. BMC Pulmonary Medicine. 2025;25:20.
  3. GINA 2019 Patient Guide. Accessed 2025/11/28. Available from: https://www.asthmafoundation.org.nz/assets/documents/GINA-Patient-Guide-PRINT-Pocket-Guide-final.pdf
  4. A COPD Handbook. The Lung Association. Accessed 2025/11/28. Available from: https://www.asthmafoundation.org.nz/assets/documents/ARFNZ-COPD-Handbook.pdf
  5. Sigurgeirsdottir J, Halldorsdottir S, et al. COPD patients’ experiences, self-reported needs, and needs-driven strategies to cope with self-management. International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 2019;14:1033–1043.
  6. Adeloye D, Song P, et al. Global, regional, and national prevalence of, and risk factors for, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in 2019: a systematic review and modelling analysis. Lancet Respir Med 2022;10:447–458.
  7. Awokola BI, Amusa GA, et al. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in sub-Saharan Africa. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2022;26(3):232–242.
  8. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) – Patient Education. American Thoracic Society. Accessed 2025/11/28. Available from: https://www.thoracic.org/patients/patient-resources/resources/copd-intro.pdf
  9. Agusti A, Vogelmeier C, Faner R. COPD 2020: changes and challenges. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020;319:L879–L883.
  10. Sandelowsky H, Weinreich UM, et al. COPD – do the right thing. BMC Family Practice 2021;22:244.
  11. What is COPD? COPD Foundation. September 23, 2024. Accessed 2025/11/28. Available from: https://www.copdfoundation.org/What-is-COPD/Understanding-COPD/What-is-COPD.aspx
  12. GOLD Pocket Guide 2025. Accessed 2025/11/28. Available from: https://goldcopd.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Pocket-Guide-2025-v1.2-FINAL-covered-13Dec2024_WMV.pdf
  13. Jindal SK, Aggarwal AN, et al. A Multicentric Study on Epidemiology of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and its Relationship with Tobacco Smoking and Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure. Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci 2006;48:23–29.
  14. Shabil M, Malvi A, et al. Association of electronic cigarette use and risk of COPD: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Primary Care Respiratory Medicine 2025;35:31.
  15. Murgia N, Gambelunghe A. Occupational COPD—The most under-recognized occupational lung disease? Respirology 2022;27:399–410.
  16. Beijers JHCG, Steiner MC, et al. The role of diet and nutrition in the management of COPD. Eur Respir Rev 2023;32:230003.
  17. Normal readings on a spirometer. CMI Health. 28 March 2022. Accessed 2025/11/28. Available from: https://www.cmihealth.com/blogs/news/normal-readings-on-a-spirometer
  18. COPD Assessment Test [online]. Accessed 2025/11/28. Available from: https://www.catestonline.org/content/dam/global/catestonline/documents/CAT_HCP%20User%20Guide.pdf
  19. Lee S-D, Huang M-S, et al. The COPD assessment test (CAT) assists prediction of COPD exacerbations in high-risk patients. Respiratory Medicine 2014;108:600–608.
  20. Petty TL. The history of COPD. International Journal of COPD 2006;1(1):3–14.
  21. Hurst JR, et al. Lancet Respir Med 2024;12:345–348.
  22. Pollack M, et al. Presented at ATS 2024 (Poster 159).
  23. Shenoy MA, Paul V. Pulmonary Rehabilitation. StatPearls [online]. 25 July 2023. Accessed 2025/11/08. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK563166/
  24. Casey M, Mulkerns A, et al. Pulmonary Rehabilitation in COPD: Current Practice and Future Directions. InTechOpen 2018. Accessed 2025/11/28. Available from: https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/57506
  25. Rogliani P, et al. Expert Rev Respir Med 2021;15:59–70.
  26. Whittaker H, et al. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2022;17:427–437.
  27. Gloeckl R, Marinov B, Pitta F. Practical recommendations for exercise training in patients with COPD. Eur Respir Rev 2013;22(128):178–186.